OOPS Concepts, Features & Explanation with Example in C#.Net

– OOPS = Object Oriented Programming.
– OOPS is a programming technique which provides an efficient way to manage Object and its behaviour across a system.
– OOPS provides a way to show/hide relevant data.
– OOPS provides an efficient way for code reusability.

Here I will explain you important concepts of OOPs.

(1) Class

– The class can be considered as a blueprint for an object.
– A class is a collection of object.
– It is compulsory to create a class for representation of data.
– Class do not occupy memory space, so it is a merely logical representation of data.

The syntax for declaring a class.

public class College
{
//your code goes here.
}

(2) Object

– The object is variable of type Class.
– Object possess property and behaviour.
– As a class do not occupy any memory, so to work with real-time data representation you need to make an object of the class.

Syntax
– Here is the syntax to create an object(we just created above).

College objCollege = new College();

(3) Encapsulation

– Encapsulation is the process of keeping item into one logical unit.
– Encapsulation is a technique used to protect the information in an object from another object.
– The concept of data hiding or information hiding can be achieved by encapsulation.
– In c#,Encapsulation is implemented using the access modifier keywords. C# provides 5 types of access modifier,
which are listed below.
(i) Public : Public members are accessible by any other code in the same  assembly or another assembly that reference it.
(ii)Private : Private member can only be accessed by code in the same class.
(iii)Protected: Protected member can only be accessed by code in the same class or in a derived class.
(iv)Internal : Internal member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, but not from another assembly.
(v) Protected Internal : Protected Internal member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, or by any derived class in another assembly.

(4) Polymorphism

– Polymorphism is an ability to take more than one form in different case/scenario.
– It can make different logical units but with the same name. Its behaviour is executed based on input or the way it is called.

class PolymorphismExample
{
public void Add(int p_Value1, int p_Value2)
{
Console.WriteLine(“Result ={0}”, p_Value1 + p_Value2); // This will perform addition of p_Value1 and p_Value2
}

public void Add(string p_Value1, string p_Value2)
{
Console.WriteLine(“Result ={0}”, p_Value1 + p_Value2); // This will perform concatenation of p_Value1 and p_Value2
}
}

(5) Inheritance

– Inheritance provides a way to inherit member of another class.
– It Provides a way to reuse code which is already written.

class InheritanceExample
{
public abstract class AllCar
{
public abstract string GetCarName();
}

public class HondaSeries : AllCar
{
//this method name matches with same signature/parameters in AllCar class
public override string GetCarName()
{
return “Car Name is Honda City”;
}
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
AllCar objAllCar = new HondaSeries();
Console.WriteLine(objAllCar.GetCarName());
Console.Read();
}
}